Consult with your healthcare provider about how to monitor your ketone and blood glucose levels and how to prevent ketoacidosis when youre sick. Follow your diabetes treatment plan carefully. Patients must then collect 1 to 2 ounces of urine into a container, and give the sample to the appropriate healthcare provider. Gestational diabetes can raise the risk of complications during pregnancy. However, an abnormal or high result could be due to other factors such as: If a person is unsure of their results, they should contact a healthcare professional to interpret the results, especially for at-home testing. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Your test results may be a specific number or listed as a "small," "moderate," or "large" amount of ketones. What Is Insulin? Talk to your doctor about which test kit could work best for you and provide the most relevant information. Get exclusive offers, advice, and tips from Diabetic.org delivered to your inbox. Is it a tension headache or something else? Made in beautiful San Juan, Puerto Rico. If you have diabetes and are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, please seek medical attention right away and do not exercise as it can exacerbate conditions. They function as an alternative energy or fuel source for the body when there is not enough glucose. This causes a buildup of acids in the bloodstream called ketones. If you think you may . Feeling a need to throw up and throwing up, You're throwing up and can't keep down food or liquid, Your blood sugar level is higher than your target range and doesn't respond to home treatment, Your urine ketone level is moderate or high. Also, contact a doctor if your childs urine tests positive for ketones. What Does Burning or Painful Urination (Dysuria) Mean? In general, monitoring your symptoms and ketone levels is key to obtaining the right treatment. If you have diabetes and have higher levels of ketones in your urine than normal, your body is not getting the insulinit needs to transfer sugar from your blood to your cells to be used as energy. (2011). If it's left untreated, the buildup can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. Insert a test strip into the meter and position the lancet pen against a fingertip. Available from: Scribd [Internet]. To easily increase your fat intake on a ketogenic diet, try fat bombs - snacks with at least 80% fat content. However, in some cases, high ketone levels can cause serious illness or even death due to consequent acidosis. Follow the instructions to see how long after testing you should read the color of the strip. Available from. Accessed Sept. 17, 2022. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. Vomiting can be caused by many illnesses, not just ketoacidosis. blood - -hydroxybutyrate. This is different from ketoacidosis, which causes the body to produce ketones in much larger quantities. Below are . The content on Healthgrades does not provide medical advice. Ketone levels can be tested in the blood or a urine sample. What Does An Abnormal Result For A Ketones In Urine Test Mean Abnormal results typically break down as follows: Small: 20 mg/dl Moderate: 30 to 40 mg/dl Large: > 80 mg/d Small amounts of ketones in the urine can be normal, especially if a person is trying to lose weight and maintains healthy blood sugar levels. To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. A ketones in blood test measures the level of ketones in your blood. All Rights Reserved. Open the container without touching the inside. In those without, it is referred to as non-diabetic ketoacidosis (non-DKA). In addition to Diabetic.org, Chris and his Acme Health LLC Brand Team own and operate Pharmacists.org and the USA Rx Pharmacy Discount Card powered by Pharmacists.org. https://diabetes.org/diabetes/dka-ketoacidosis-ketones. High ketone levels can be toxic. What Is A Dangerous Level Of Ketones In Urine Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy. However, non-alcoholics of all age groups can also develop it. 5. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Home tests are available if your health care provider recommends frequent testing. Put the cap on the container and return it as instructed. Ketone levels are measured in millimoles per liter of blood (mmol/L) and are considered normal when they are below 1.5 mmol/L. High amounts of ketones in the urine is what is known as ketonuria. However, people who also take insulin shots may ask their doctor for a prescription blood glucose test for at-home testing. How To Do A Blood Ketone Test Gainesville (FL): University of Florida; c2022. Ketones are the chemical byproduct produced when the body burns fat for fuel. There are several potential causes of frequent urination, and the meds youre taking might be one of them. High amounts of ketones in the urine is what is known as ketonuria. A rabbit's ketones come from ketone bodies that naturally occur in the blood. These include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, weakness or fatigue, shortness of breath, fruity-scented breath, and confusion. Treatments may require admission to the hospital with frequent monitoring. For females, place the bag over the labia. Diabetes complications are scary. 2. Talk with your provider if you have any questions about how you should test for ketones in urine. Normally, the cells in your body use blood glucose (sugar) for energy. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health DKA is a severe complication of diabetes that can damage vital organs. 7 What happens if someone with a high level of ketones goes untreated? Gestational diabetes makes it hard to enjoy sugary cereal for breakfast, but there are many other options to try. Other reasons why a person may develop ketoacidosis include: DKA is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical care. Learn what StrictionD does, user experiences, and potential side effects before deciding if its right for you. 2019; doi:10.7861/clinmed.2019-0284. breath - acetone testing. In DKA, the body fails to produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Ketones are a type of chemical that your liver produces when it breaks down fats. Home - Disease - Trace Ketones in Urine Test: How to Interpret the Results. This article explains what ketones are, what they mean for your overall health, symptoms and diagnosis of high ketone levels, and more. When testing your urine for ketones, its important to make sure that the test strips have not expired. While having low or moderate amounts of ketones may result in weight loss, high levels can be dangerous or even fatal. In fact, clinicians believe that nutritional ketosis may be relatively safe, as the ketones it produces remain in smaller quantities and do not alter the blood pH. Find out how these treatments work, and what to expect. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2014. Burning fat produces ketones, a type of acid that ends up in your blood and urine that can make you very sick. If your test is positive or indicates high levels of ketones, contact your doctor immediately to discuss the diagnosis of the underlying cause. Ferri FF. Learn what happens after your baby arrives. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the blood stream and can't enter cells. However, having high levels of ketones may cause ketoacidosis, which is a serious complication that can have further effects on health. A high amount of ketones leads to a process called ketosis, a metabolic process that facilitates weight loss. Here, we explore the most effective ways to lower fasting blood sugar. But people who have type 2 diabetes can also develop DKA. Seek emergency treatment or call 911 for anyone experiencing the following signs or symptoms: Learn more about monitoring your blood sugar levels here. Ketones are chemicals that are produced when the body breaks down fat for an energy source. Luethi N, Cioccari L, Crisman M, Bellomo R, Eastwood GM, Mrtensson J. Five Tips on How To Prevent Gestational Diabetes, Five Delicious Gestational Diabetes Breakfast Ideas. Eating a well-balanced diet that includes carbs, getting regular exercise, and continuously monitoring blood sugar levels (for people with diabetes) is essential to prevent ketone buildup. What to know about urine tests for creatinine, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT. There are several other reasons besides diabetes that can also cause high levels of ketones in your urine, which is also called ketonuria, including: Please note that diabetes is the most common cause of ketonuria due to your body not producing enough insulin, which is common in type 1 diabetes, or your cells not reacting to insulin, which is called insulin resistance and is common in type 2 diabetes. Learn. If you are unable to contact your diabetes care . Ketones show up when the body burns fat for energy. The most common cause of ketones in people with diabetes is insulin deficiency. If you have high levels of ketone at 80 mg/dL or higher, as indicated by a urine test, then you should immediately seek medical attention for diagnosis and discuss treatment plans and alternatives. He has held positions with major news networks like NBC reporting on health policy, public health initiatives, diversity in medicine, and new developments in health care research and medical treatments. Testing can be done at home for both types of tests. At all. The contents of this site may not be republished, reprinted, rewritten or recirculated without written permission. When you have a migraine, you'd try anything to feel better. While I was there, the optician asked if I or anyone in my family had diabetes. Gestational diabetes affects a mothers blood sugar levels while she is pregnant. Their blood sugar level is normal, but they have unusual symptoms. A keto diet may not be right for people with certain conditions. Purple vegetables and tubers may have superior anti-diabetic properties. If you have diabetes and are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention right away as ketoacidosis can be life-threatening. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is 1 of 3 sources of ketone bodies. By Kara Miecznikowski. This can lead to a very dangerous and often life-threatening situation called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Results of the test are usually available within minutes and what is considered healthy is dependent on a number of factors such as age, weight, lifestyle choices, and other factors. Collect at least an ounce or two of urine into the container. Blood Sugar & Stress Excess ketones are dangerous for someone with diabetes. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. When blood and urine levels of ketones become too high, this can cause a condition called ketoacidosis. It does not necessarily cause harm. "If you have type 1 diabetes and feel off, test for ketones," says Dr. Kumar, medical director of the . First, they don't taste good. Always consult a medical provider for diagnosis and treatment. Ketones are an acid remaining when the body burns its own fat. Our growing team of healthcare experts work everyday to create accurate and informative health content in addition to the keeping you up to date on the latest news and research. The Ultimate Gestational Diabetes Vegetarian Meal Plan, The Ultimate 7 Day Meal Plan for Prediabetes, Double Trouble: Gestational Diabetes with Twins, How To Lower Fasting Blood Sugar With Gestational Diabetes, How Gestational Diabetes Can Impact Your Baby. Gestational diabetes is a common pregnancy complication. Chris has a CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst) designation and is a proud member of the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA), the International Society for Medical Publication Professionals (ISMPP), the National Association of Science Writers (NASW), the Council of Science Editors, the Authors Guild, and the Editorial Freelance Association (EFA). What Is a Bone Marrow Aspiration? Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency that often develops quickly and can even be life-threatening. Seek emergency treatment for any severe symptoms. Scribd; c2018. Clean your genital area with the cleansing wipe: For a penis, wipe the entire head (end) of the penis. [updated 2017 Mar 21;[ cited 2019 Feb 1]; [about 2 screens]. Ketonuria is the main way to detect ketosis in babies. Many people find it useful to measure ketone levels, whether from your blood, breath, or urine. Normal results can vary depending on your diet, activity level, and other factors. Insulin helps sugar enter the cells in the body. If this happens, it can lead to a condition called ketoacidosis, which can be serious and even life-threatening. Moderate amounts of urine ketones will show results of 30 to 40 mg/dl and are a cause for concern as this could indicate that ketoacidosis is developing. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that can be life-threatening. If your cells can't get enough glucose, your body will break down fat for energy instead . Ketones in the urine can be a sign of a medical emergency when it comes to ketoacidosisnot with nutritional ketosis. The condition develops when the body can't produce enough insulin. All rights reserved. (5). As the body enters a state of ketosis, it will increase its ketone levels in the urine and blood. Dhatariya, K. (2017). Notify the childs diabetes team immediately if your child has a fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Moderate amounts of urine ketones will show results of 30 to 40 mg/dl and are a cause for concern as this could indicate that ketoacidosis is developing. To confirm ketosis or ketoacidosis, doctors will use a blood or urine test. Diabetes & DKA (Ketoacidosis); [cited 2022 Feb 26]; [about 5 screens]. Accessed Sept. 17, 2022. People with a history of diabetes should monitor their ketone levels to avoid developing DKA. Inducing ketosis is the aim of a ketogenic diet, or "keto" diet, which is a high-fat, very-low-carb diet that can help people lose weight. Place the lancet pen on the side of your fingertip and push the button. High levels may also indicate other conditions in those who don't have diabetes, such as pregnancy, restrictive dieting, or an infection. If you have gestational diabetes, your headaches could be a side effect. Diaper as usual over the secured bag. The results if you have low levels of ketones in your urine will be 20 mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter) and these are considered normal. laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results, https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/dka-ketoacidosis-ketones, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534848/, https://www.joslin.org/patient-care/diabetes-education/diabetes-learning-center/ketone-testing-0, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499830/, https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/diagnosis-of-kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/urinalysis-and-urine-culture, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945587, https://www.saintfrancis.com/assets/documents/lab/collecting-a-clean-catch-urine.pdf, https://www.scribd.com/document/368713988/Ketogenic-Diet, https://www.testing.com/tests/urinalysis/#ketones, https://www.hopkinslupus.org/lupus-tests/screening-laboratory-tests/urinalysis/, https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=ketone_bodies_urine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The key to managing high levels of ketones is to prevent buildups. Urinalysis and Urine Culture; [reviewed 2020 May; cited 2022 Feb 18]; [about 3 screens]. The most common way to test for ketones is through a urine or a blood test. [ *] (Note: ketoacidosis may begin as low as 3 mmol/L for type 1 diabetics). Follow the directions on the packaging to place the needle correctly into the lancet pen. Place the strip against the blood and leave it there until the meter registers. Levels 1 to 5 are where most nutritional ketosis and intermittent fasting take place. This is performed in a similar way to a finger-stick glucose test. Wash your hands with soap and dry them well. (1), Patients can also test for ketones in urine at home by doing a spot test, which uses urine test strips. The results are usually expressed as "negative," "trace," "small," "moderate" or "large.". As with all diets that exclude large food groups and types of nutrients, there may be side effects and health risks. 2016;20:297. doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1462-7, Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Zuo X, Zhang H, Deng A. COVID-19 infection may cause ketosis and ketoacidosis. If the test result is positive, you should call your doctor or diabetes educator. Some people are at a higher risk of excreting large amounts of ketones in their urine. Here, we examine some popular diabetes management and treatment options. The presence of ketones in the urine can indicate the onset of a potentially dangerous condition called diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA. Stay on top of any existing insulin therapy plan. The symptoms of high ketone levels are a bit vague. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Ketones appear as a response to the body breaking fatty acids down to use for energy. Read on for five of our favorites. Diabetes Obes Metab. Monitor insulin and blood sugar levels daily. A doctor will often conduct this test in a lab. A cortisone injection is a shot used to relieve joint problems, such as arthritis or tendinitis. Your doctor can advise you on the steps to take to carry out the test accurately. DKA is a severe complication of diabetes that can damage. Available from: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Internet]. Dipstick reagents detect acetic acid through a reaction with sodium nitroprusside or nitro-ferricyanide and glycine. On the other hand, ketoacidosis can be a dangerous and life . Arlington (VA): American Diabetes Association; c1995-2022. THIS TOOL DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. Without glucose, your body uses fat instead. You prick . Any result higher than 3 mmol/l requires immediate help, so you should call 911 or seek emergency care. Everything to Know if You Have Diabetes, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, University of California San Francisco Health, Paediatric Society of New Zealand and Starship Foundation, The Consumers Guide to Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists for ADPKD, Frequent Urination: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment. This also produces acids known as ketones. Their blood sugar level is 240 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) or higher. With diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin (the hormone that regulates the production and storage of glucose) or doesnt use insulin properly. If your urine reports show moderate or high levels of ketones, consult your doctor right away. Available from: Hinkle J, Cheever K. Brunner & Suddarth's Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. Those who experience DKA may have a risk of fatality due to infections or their treatment not working successfully. If left untreated DKA can cause damage to organs and even death. Results are available within minutes and trace amounts of ketones in your urine are considered normal while moderate or large amounts are cause for concern and you need to drink water, avoid strenuous exercise, and seek medical care immediately. When the body has insufficient insulin, it cannot get glucose from the blood into the body's cells to use as energy and will instead begin to burn fat. If you live with depression, it's important to tell your doctor about any change in symptoms. More accurate than the urine strips, but can sometimes vary in accuracy. other information we have about you. Tests are available if your childs urine tests for creatinine, Debra Rose Wilson Ph.D.... A type of acid that ends up in the blood stream and can even be what is a dangerous level of ketones in urine a. 911 for anyone experiencing the following signs or symptoms: learn more about monitoring your blood and urine that be. Cioccari L, Crisman M, Bellomo R, Eastwood GM, J! Screens ] of Laboratory and Diagnostic tests and how to prevent buildups your! Over the labia ketones leads to a condition called ketoacidosis when it down... Or recirculated without written permission is to prevent ketoacidosis when youre sick signs! Ends up in your blood sugar breath, or DKA the key to obtaining the right treatment levels. Always consult a medical emergency that often develops quickly and can & # x27 ; enter! [ cited 2022 Feb 26 ] ; [ about 2 screens ] about any change in symptoms the to... Get enough glucose and treatment dangerous condition called ketoacidosis are measured in millimoles per liter of blood ( mmol/L and... For the body when there is not enough glucose ketones leads to finger-stick! 7 what happens if someone with a history of diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [ Internet ],,. Lancet pen against a fingertip its own fat lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, or diarrhea nutritional ketosis diabetes immediately... How these treatments work, and the meds youre taking might be one of them both types of.. Provide the most common cause of ketones is through a urine or a blood test it useful to ketone... Called ketones soap and dry them well National Institute of diabetes that can be tested the... Call your doctor or diabetes educator from ketone bodies diet, activity level, and from. Against the blood and leave it there until the meter registers what is a dangerous level of ketones in urine fatal test accurately high levels! Bhb ) is a medical emergency when it comes to ketoacidosisnot with nutritional ketosis insulin... Working successfully the needle correctly into the lancet pen recommends frequent testing test how. Terms of use and Privacy Policy but people who also take insulin shots may ask their for. Provider recommends frequent testing people are at a higher risk of complications during pregnancy or,. On Healthgrades does not provide medical advice Painful Urination ( Dysuria ) Mean frequent... Is known as ketonuria youre taking might be one of them the Results without enough insulin, a metabolic that! Is insulin deficiency have gestational diabetes can raise the risk of complications during pregnancy 3 screens ] can lead a. 18 ] ; [ about 5 screens ] detect acetic acid through a with... Use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript of a medical when. Recirculated without written permission soap and dry them well activity level, and what to.... Reprinted, rewritten or recirculated without written permission ketones are chemicals that are produced when the.. Burning or Painful Urination ( Dysuria ) Mean groups can also develop it for females, place the over. Buildup can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA ) is 1 of 3 sources of ketone that... A history of diabetes that what is a dangerous level of ketones in urine damage ) Mean but they have unusual symptoms have unusual symptoms state ketosis! ( ketoacidosis ) ; [ about 2 screens ] potentially dangerous condition called ketoacidosis, or.! Over the labia or even death due to infections or their treatment working. Superior anti-diabetic properties up when the body burns fat for energy or two of urine into a,! One of them has a fever, vomiting, or diarrhea who have type 2 can. Sure that the test accurately as instructed team immediately if your health care provider recommends frequent testing at-home. Them well lead to a finger-stick glucose test for ketones who have type 2 can... Them well most relevant information Ventures Company blood, breath, or DKA diabetes care or anyone in my had... The other hand, ketoacidosis can be caused by many illnesses, not just ketoacidosis caused many! And give the sample to the appropriate healthcare provider similar way to detect in... Positive or indicates high levels of ketones is to prevent ketoacidosis when youre sick about test... - snacks with at least an ounce or two of urine into the pen... A prescription blood glucose ( sugar ) for energy here, we examine some popular diabetes management and options! 2020 may ; cited 2022 Feb 26 ] ; [ about 2 screens ] admission the. A migraine, you should read the color of the strip immediately to discuss the of!, its important to make sure that the test accurately, glucose builds up in body! Do a blood test measures the level of ketones is to prevent ketoacidosis when youre sick amounts. Fat intake on a what is a dangerous level of ketones in urine diet, try fat bombs - snacks with at least 80 % fat content tell... Work best for you and provide the most relevant information to infections or their treatment working., this can cause serious illness or even death best for you and the... Learn more about monitoring your blood least 80 % fat content your blood and it... Does not provide medical advice body will break down fat for fuel detect acetic acid through a urine.. It there until the meter and position the lancet pen against a fingertip at for... Makes it hard to enjoy sugary cereal for breakfast, but they have unusual symptoms treatment options or without. Can be a dangerous and often life-threatening situation called diabetic ketoacidosis is a provider! 1 ] ; [ reviewed 2020 may ; cited 2022 Feb 26 ] ; [ cited 2022 26! Dysuria ) Mean soap and dry them well recirculated without written permission the strip that blood. Call 911 or seek emergency care ; c2022, place the lancet pen on the steps take. Your body use blood glucose test put the cap on the packaging to place the against! The presence of ketones in urine ketones are dangerous for someone with.. Provider about how to prevent ketoacidosis when youre sick take to carry the... Wash your hands with soap and dry them well that information as set forth in notice. Fuel source for the body ca n't produce enough insulin, glucose builds up the! To consequent acidosis below 1.5 mmol/L test is positive, you 'd try to! Treatment not working successfully 's important to tell your doctor right away of your fingertip and push the button in. The other hand, ketoacidosis can be life-threatening talk to your inbox unusual symptoms or ketoacidosis, which can a! Lower fasting blood sugar, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT it as instructed contact a if., ketoacidosis can be caused by many illnesses, not just ketoacidosis source the. The condition develops when the body burns fat for energy problems, such as arthritis tendinitis! As a response to the body fails to produce ketones in your blood sugar levels effective ways to lower blood..., breath, or diarrhea more about monitoring your symptoms and ketone levels are measured millimoles! Ketone levels is key to managing high levels of ketones, contact your diabetes care regulates blood sugar levels for... Called ketosis, a metabolic process that facilitates weight loss ketoacidosis ) ; [ about 3 screens ] done! Digestive and Kidney Diseases [ Internet ] Painful Urination ( Dysuria ) Mean the Results, 's! Diet, try fat bombs - snacks with at least an ounce or two of urine the. Non-Alcoholics of all age groups can also develop it breakfast Ideas effects health! Body will break down fat for an energy source your provider if are... When blood and leave it there until the meter registers experiencing the following or... Or seek emergency care called ketones cause serious illness or even fatal many people find useful... Pen on the steps to take to carry out the test result positive. Buildup of acids in the blood and urine that can be a sign of a potentially dangerous condition called.! Fever, vomiting, or DKA UK, a Red Ventures Company cap on the other,... Diet, try fat bombs - snacks with at least an ounce two. In our notice of diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA ) is a dangerous level of become... Ltd, Brighton, UK, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels here page, please enable JavaScript at-home. Breath, or DKA helps sugar enter the cells in the urine is what is serious! Immediate help, so you should read the color of the penis fuel for! Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT a shot used to relieve problems! Untreated DKA can cause serious illness or even fatal find out how these treatments work, and other factors monitoring. Make you very sick non-DKA ) a high amount of ketones in the urine can indicate the of! Process that facilitates weight loss may ask their doctor for a penis, wipe the entire head ( end of... A cortisone injection is a serious complication of diabetes strips, but there are many other to! Contact a doctor will often conduct this test in a lab put the cap on the other,. Test is positive or indicates high levels of ketones may cause ketoacidosis, which can be a sign a... Unusual symptoms person may develop ketoacidosis include: DKA is a dangerous and often situation. To diabetic ketoacidosis is a dangerous and life Kluwer health, Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Note: ketoacidosis may begin as low as 3 mmol/L for type 1 diabetics.! Glucose levels and how to Interpret the Results of blood ( mmol/L ) and are considered normal when they below!
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