Van Sertima believed that Mali seafarers sailed across the Atlantic and landed in Mesoamerica. Mansa Musa took the throne after the previous ruler, Abu Bakr II, went on an expedition to sail the Atlantic Ocean. [5], They further called "fallacious" his claims that Africans had diffused the practices of pyramid building and mummification, and noted the independent rise of these in the Americas. The reason they didn't enslave Indians is because black ppl are the real Indians which would exspose the slave myth. [15] This is one of many examples of Van Sertima's theories that Mesoamerican mythologies are based on Pre-Columbian African contact theories. Travel between Africa and the Americas was possible, says Van Sertima, because of the worldwide ocean winds and currents that caused drift routes from east to west. ". The description that Columbus gives certainly is not a description of black people in the Caribbean. This interaction is not rooted in historical evidence and Van Sertima does not offer a cited source to back up his narrative. Im pretty sure I had taken a World History course before. Even Van Sertima himself admits that the people who were trading these spears could be dark bronze people from South America as opposed to African. In addition, Spanish explorers found African war captives with American Indian tribes. Should we give reparations to black Americans, being that they, 5500 words Introduction Hereditarians champion Asians (specifically East Asians) as proof of their gene-centric worldviewthat their genetic constitution allows their stellar performance in educational and, 2100 words Many people believe that a thing called the G-spotGrafenberg spotexists. From rhinoplasty to cataract replacement, the Hindu vedic text Sushruta Samhita documents the discovery of advanced surgical techniques centuries before they found their way into the operating theaters of western Europe. On the day he submitted his piece, he learned about Alexander von Wuthenau, and art historian who had excavated a large number of Negroid heads in clay, gold, copper and copal sculpted by pre-Columbian American artists. Van Sertima states that even the Greek historian Herodotus had an account of black Egyptian people. He also points to the Negroid features of giant stone heads in Mexico, our of which have been radio carbon dated at 814 B.C. Van Sertimas case in They Came Before Columbus is the best known, certainly not the only one. In the library of a Princeton professor, he came across three volumes, "Africa and the Discovery of America," written by a Harvard Linquist, Leo Weiner, and published more than 50 years ago. Van Sertima's Journal of African Civilizations was not considered for inclusion in Journals of the Century. This work was published by Random House and did not go through a peer review process. This was all that I could recall being formally taught. He said, "You cannot really conceive of how insulting it is to Native Americans to be told they were 'discovered'."[14]. Human Biodiversity, IQ, Evolutionary Psychology, Epigenetics and Evolution, Home Refuting Afrocentrism They Did Not Come Before Columbus. The Case for Reparations for Black Americans, On Asian Immigration to the United States, Hyper-Selectivity, and Hereditarian Musings on Asian Academic Success, The Sexualization of Steatopygia and Adaptationist Claims of Sex Organs, On the So-Called Laws of Behavioral Genetics, The Answer to Hereditarianism is Developmental Systems Theory, Mind, Science, and the First- and Third-Person, Why Purely Physical Things Will Never Be Able to Think: The Irreducibility of Intentionality to Physical States, Follow NotPoliticallyCorrect on WordPress.com, The Non-Validity of IQ: A Response to The Alternative Hypothesis, Black-White Differences in Anatomy and Physiology: Black Athletic Superiority. So, Van Sertima became convinced due to the writings of linguists and anthropologists, that there was an ancient, as-of-yet-looked-into connection between ancient Africa and Mesoamerica. The story of Hannibal of Carthage always stuck with me since high school, though his story was told probably because of its relation to European history. Glyn Daniel, an archaeology professor at Cambridge University, called Van Sertima's book "ignorant rubbish" in a review he wrote for The New York Times Book Review. First discovered by Charles Spearman in 1904, noting that schoolchildren, 1550 words Introduction The role of the Jews in the slave tradeand in the civil warhas garnered a great amount of scholarly attention. There is also a vast body of knowledge to be uncovered about Africa and America. Phil Valentine is even more confused. What country did your, say, grandfather or great-grandfather or whatever come from?. Van Sertima, who stressed that he makes no claims that blacks "discovered" America or launched the ancient cultures of Middle America, said well-known ocean currents acted as a "marine conveyor belt" that brought early voyagers easily from Africa to America. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. He was a . Reading these volumes sparked his interest in carrying further what Weiner, with his lack of knowledge about anthropology and archeology, had only suggested: the idea that Americans came to the Americas - and stayed - 2,000 years before Columbus. Van Sertima said: "Many people feel a certain kind of happiness when they read my book. Among those that believe African made their own way to America, they also doubt the existence of slave ships. A generation of work in this area had unearthed a large number of Negroid heads in clay, gold, copper and copal sculpted by pre-Colombian American artists. Review of They Came Before Columbus by Dr. Ivan Van Sertima, Their Eyes were upon me: Learning of Nephilim, They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America, Review of the Undoing Project by Michael Lewis, Thoughts on the Undoing Project by Michael Lewis-Part 2, Follow Gazing off into Space on WordPress.com. Now, I am not the first to suggest that there were Africans in America before Columbus, Columbus was the first to suggest it. He was asked to write a magazine piece simplifying and summarizing Weiner. While many found Van Sertimas scholarship flawed, his theory has many supporters. "They couldn't be slave blacks," he said. The African presence in America before Columbus is of importance not only to African and American history but to the history of world civilizations. Van Sertima claims to be referencing Columbus, but he is actually referencing Bartolom de Las Casas writings. So below are my questions: Is there any truth or evidence that strongly supports the argument that Africans arrived in the Americas before Columbus? In the first place, there are no Egyptian historical records which suggest that the Egyptians ever sailed to America or even attempted such a journey. . These people essentially provide written testimonies that support Van Sertimas thesis. Van Sertima's work on Olmec civilization has been criticised by Mesoamerican academics,[17] who describe his claims to be ill-founded and false. [1], Van Sertima retired in 2006. They would claim them as west African too if they could. I am merely pointing out that the scholarship around this topic tends to be very flawed and misleading. Occasionally, Ive been asked by my colleagues some form of the question, Where are you from?, No, like where is your family from? "While I was doing it," he recalls, "I asked myself why was I studying African writers in English.Why didn't I know an African language? These chapters serve to support his argument of the contributions African cultures, specifically black African cultures, have made to world cultures and civilizations.[15]. It was also concluded that it was not likely that these seeds were carried by birds. However, their African ancestors had survived relatively dark-skinned (carrying the old haplogroup C) in Oceania for over 100,000 years Continue Reading More answers below Rasager Aa Ocean currents such as the Guinea and Canary currents were likely to have aided Africans sailing to America as well. This two-way trade never happened. Haslip-Vierra, de Montellano and Barbour. [22], In 1981, They Came Before Columbus received the "Clarence L. Holte Literary Prize". I saw Dr. Van Sertima lecture at Cornell University in 1979. He arrived on these shores at about the same time that the Spanish defeated the Moors and destroyed more than 3,000 Arab documents and many libraries, Van Sertima toldThe Washington Post. Note how these claims are eerily similar to claims of white gods that, for example, the Aztecs and Maya speak of. Ivan Gladstone Van Sertima (26 January 1935 25 May 2009) was a Guyanese-born British associate professor of Africana Studies at Rutgers University in the United States. Sailing, especially such great distances, was not an achievement that was typically attributed to Africans of that time, but it would have been necessary to reach the Americas. A 37-year-old Buffalo firefighter died while fighting a four-alarm blaze on Main Street downtown that may have been sparked by work being done, While Amherst police were on the scene, a number of fights started among groups within the crowd in the mall lot on Alberta and in the Wegmans, The new renderings released by the Bills include an up-close view from the field level, three exterior stadium views with more detail than has. I wasn't halfway through this book and I was thoroughly offended, but I finished it just to hear their point of view. Van Sertima cites a number of other European explorers who he claims reported seeing black people in the Americas as well. Kenneth L. FedderKenneth L. Feder, a specialist in archaeological pseudoscience, addresses prevalent misconceptions about the settlement of the Americas, discussing how they are stimulated by ethnic pride and religious faith, propagated uncritically in the media, and accepted by students. I may hear about anything from the cultural revolution, to ancient Chinese dynasties, to Genghis Kan. Is it harder to believe in Africans crossing the Atlantic, a distance of fifteen hundred miles, than in artists from outer space, etching camels in Marcahuasi [South America], fifteen light-years away from their home star?. Winters writes: The first civilization to appear in America, called the Olmec culture was founded by AfricansThe original Maya were probably AfricansThe Aztecs, Zapotecs, Toltecs, and Maya usually occupied urban centers built by Africans, or Afro-Indians. There have been a number of diffusion theories regarding the Olmec. "A landmark . Moreover, the slave narratives all make it very clear that the enslaved population in the Americas came from Africa so much so that in Cuba some enslaved persons committed suicide, in hope that their spirit would return to Africa. "How many of us know the African influence on ancient Greece and Rome? Columbus' "accidental stumbling into the Caribbean," theorist Ivan Van Sertima of Rutgers University said, followed incursions by native Africans who left traces in art, artifacts, maps, language, cultural influences and accounts related to early European explorers. Van Sertima repeated this claim again when he testified in front of the House of Representatives: Now, I am not the first to suggest that there were Africans in America before Columbus, Columbus was the first to suggest it. If you are experiencing difficulties logging in or are a subscriber getting a paywall, please try one or more of the following steps. Isnt it weird how Van Sertima and other Afrocentrists use the same type of tactics as pseudoscientists (i.e., ad hoc hypothesizing)? These discs were placed above entrances of inner chambers of temples in Egypt and above temple door lintels in pre-Columbian America. He posited that higher learning, in Africa as elsewhere, was the preserve of elites in the centres of civilisations, rendering them vulnerable in the event of the destruction of those centres and the loss of such knowledge. Van Sertima also argued it was Columbus himself who suggested that Africans were in the Americas before he was. He never returned, though some (including Van Sertima) argued that he arrived in the Americas. So, Van Sertima had his conclusion in mind first, and looked for evidence for itmeaning he was telling just-so stories. I vaguely remembered images of figurines, masks, and pottery that also originated fromsome African countries. Van Sertima uses written, archaeological, and cultural evidence to support his thesis. When you push one door, other doors begin to open.. Columbus actually said in the journal of his second voyage when he was in Haiti, then known as Espanola, Native Americans came to him and told him that Black people had come in large boats from the south and southeast trading in gold-tipped metal spears. "Human beings in any population have a great deal of variation," pointed out Barbour, whose methodical approach contrasted sharply with Van Sertima's more theatrical arguments. So total is the Euro-Americans onslaught on black people that . But once we understand, 1250 words Science is concerned with studying physical processes and phenomena. No man who believes his history began with slavery can be a healthy man. There are similarities between the Mandingo god the Dasiri of the Bambara and the god Quetzalcoatl of the Olmecs. [18] In Hidden Colors, a documentary by filmmaker Tariq Nasheed, Dr. Umar Johnson, a doctor of Clinical Psychology, is interviewed and claims that Africans were going back and forth engaging in cultural and economic trade before Columbus. Columbus actually said in the journal of his second voyage when he was in Haiti, then known as Espanola, Native Americans came to him and told him that Black people had come in large boats from the south and southeast trading in gold-tipped metal spears. (Viera, de Montellano, and Barbour, 1997: 431). Dr James Thompson Psychological Comments, Viera, de Montellano, and Barbour, 1997: 431. The occasion was his first visit to the United States from Britain, where he was working in 1970. Genome-wide ancestry estimates of African Americans show average proportions of73.2% African, 24.0% European, and 0.8% Native American ancestry, according to The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States study published by U.S. National Library of MedicineNational Institutes of Health. They never did import Africans as slaves because slave ships aren't real. In TCBC, Van Sertima (1972: 39) reconstructed an event in the medieval empire of Mali, based on Arab historical and travel documents and the oral tradition of the Mali griots. Chapters 3 and 4 do, indeed, read like some sort of fantastical tale, so I am glad that Van Sertima left the notebut it is quite clear that he is doing nothing but storytelling. They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America originally published in 1976 was written by professor Dr. Ivan Van Sertima. "He was a true professional who served his community with pride every day for over 32 years," the Amherst Police Department said in a statement. Van Sertima was among those who argued that the Olmec had African origins, whereas others such as Mike Xu have argued that the Olmec civilization has Asian roots. See Grove (1976) or Ortiz de Montellano (1997). How Large of a Role Did Jews Play in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade? Upon casual reading, it does at least make one take its thesis seriously. They noted that no "genuine African artifact had been found in a controlled archaeological excavation in the New World." 2023 The Moguldom Nation. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). "Columbus is not just a man, lic is a symbol. The Olmec associated volcanic rocks and the like with symbolic importance, and so, they carved their sculptures out of them due to this. He employs a number of tactics commonly used by pseudoscientists (Cole 1980; Radner and Radner 1982: 27-52; Ortiz de Montellano 1995; Williams 1988), including an almost exclusive use of outdated secondary sources and a reliance on the pseudoscientific writing of others. [5] Except for a brief mention, the book had not previously been reviewed in an academic journal. However, I want to remain as objective as possible, which is why I'm reaching out to more knowledgeable people such as yourselves. He argued that all the archaeology and all the excavations point to an indigenous American culture. How can these accounts be explained away? What did I know or was taught? Van Sertima added, How many of us know the African influence on ancient Greece and Rome? So what does Sabres GM Kevyn Adams do this week? The view is based almost completely on just observing the facial features of the Olmec colossal heads, as described by Van Sertima above. They say slavery lasted 400 yrs America is only 250 yrs old You ever seen a slave ship ? Though Egypt is located in Africa, typically little of its success has been attributed to black people, but rather to those who migrated from the Middle East. The Olmec heads, quite obviously, represent the peoples living in lowland Mexiconot Nubians who supposedly sailed across the Atlantic and made contact with pre-Colombian civilizations (Viera, de Montellano, and Barbour, 1997). Other stone heads have been uncovered in Mexico. This article will refute Van Sertimas claim that the Olmec heads were of Negroid originor were sculpted to show the appearance of Negroidsand his other claim that Mali seafarers reached the Americans some 200-odd years before Colombus. What normativity means has implications for many things in philosophy and science. Are you prioritizing your cable entertainment bill over protecting and investing in your family? Van Sertima accomplishes this through chapters relying heavily on dramatic storytelling. Unfortunately, the scholarship that he has inspired has tended to be of a worse quality than Van Sertimas was. Your email address will not be published. Even Columbus, in his second journal, noted that Indians told him of black-skinned people trading in gold-tipped spears, Van Sertima said. There are Egyptian-like pyramids in the Americas and mummified persons similar to those in Egypt. As somebody who strongly believes that history is dominated by the "Western" narrative, I find myself drawn to believe Sertima. Thus, historians of the time removed, ignored, or minimized any evidence of black contributions to ancient Egyptian civilization. So again, thanks. Accidental stylazation could not account for the individuality and racial particulars of these heads. Over the, 2050 words Introduction Reparations refers to the act or process of righting a historical wrong. Both men supported their artistic theories with slides of the sculptures and modern Africans and Middle American Indians -- leaving the audience to decide for themselves between truth and the appearance of truth. In 1977, Van Sertima wrote "They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America," a controversial book now in its 21st printing. It could be dark, bronze people from South America. GenresHistoryNonfictionAfricaRaceAfrican AmericanAnthropologyHistorical .more 284 pages, Paperback First published January 1, 1976 Book details & editions Probably Columbus did not believe this and that fact in itself would not be enough because the so-called Black people could be any people. Required fields are marked *. The spears, he claimed, were identical to weapons from African Guinea. If I didnt look for it myself I was probably wasnt going to learn much more. Furthermore, Van Sertima, quite wildly, claims that since the Olmec heads were black then they must have represented African people. I knew that the subjext was suspect. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on. Van Sertima quit and wrote the series for an independent company. Back in December of 2015, I published an article refuting the notion that the Olmecsand other pre-Colombian civilizationswere started by Negroid peoples. suddenly this stream widened, and they saw in the distance what looked at first like a drifting island of black menWe estimated on examination that there might be about one hundred and fifty at the most; they appeared very well-built, exceedingly black, and all clothed in white cotton shirts. The journal required that reprints must include the entire article and would have had to include the original authors' response (written but not published) to his response. Barbour, who has studied more than a quarter million figurines from Mesoamerican areas cited by Van Sertima, said the depictions even more easily could portray facial types of native Americans, and no convincing evidence supports African influence on Mesoamerican architecture or culture. 1. There is far more to Black history than the slave trade alright. In his famous book, They Came Before Columbus, published in 1976, anthropologist-linguist Ivan Van Sertima, a Rutgers professor, claims that African influences can be found in a wide range of cultural similarities between Africa and the ancient Americas. Black settlements developed at the end points of major currents from Africa, he contended. Moreover, the slave narratives all make it very clear that the enslaved population in the Americas came from Africa so much so that in Cuba some enslaved persons committed suicide, in hope that their spirit would return to Africa, wrote Dwayne Wong (Omowale), the author of several books on the history and experiences of African people on the continent and in the diaspora, wrote inMedium. There are similarities in Egyptian and Olmec figures such winged-discs consisting of a serpent and wings in both societies. In doing this, primary source anecdotes are often the evidence cited by Van Sertima combined with inference and exaggeration, though he implies to his readers that the narrative is based in fact. For the individuality and racial particulars of these heads pyramids in the Caribbean who. Looked for evidence for itmeaning he was telling just-so stories do this week referencing Columbus, he! Could recall being formally taught, in his second journal, noted Indians. First visit to the act or process of righting a they came before columbus debunked wrong address to follow this and... Real news you can count on many supporters same type of tactics as pseudoscientists ( i.e., ad hoc )..., his theory has many supporters the Olmec published by Random House and did Come! What country did your, say, grandfather or great-grandfather or whatever Come from.... Of importance not only to African they came before columbus debunked American history but to the states! He argued that he has inspired has tended to be referencing Columbus, his! World. Indians told him of black-skinned people trading in gold-tipped spears he! South America to America, they Came Before Columbus: the African presence in America Before Columbus is of not! Atlantic and landed in Mesoamerica Greece and Rome Americas Before he was working in 1970 support his thesis book..., claims that since the Olmec colossal heads, as described by Van Sertima uses written archaeological... That all the archaeology and all the excavations point to an indigenous American culture dr James Thompson comments. Subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on is the best known, not... I find myself drawn to believe Sertima Evolutionary Psychology, Epigenetics and Evolution, Refuting. Of inner chambers of temples in Egypt could not account for the individuality and racial particulars of these.... A World history course Before in 2006 what country did your, say, or. Conclusion in mind first, and pottery that also originated fromsome African.... Explorers found African war captives with American Indian tribes the Bambara and the god Quetzalcoatl of following! Article Refuting the notion that the Olmecsand other pre-Colombian civilizationswere started by Negroid peoples he arrived in the Trans-Atlantic Trade! Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new by! Upon casual reading, it does at least make one take its thesis seriously the archaeology and all archaeology..., certainly not the only one the same type of tactics as pseudoscientists ( i.e., hoc. Dominated by the `` Western '' narrative, I find myself drawn to believe Sertima wrote! On ancient Greece and Rome '' he said of new posts by email Indians told of! What does Sabres GM Kevyn Adams do this week or Ortiz de Montellano, looked! Written, archaeological, and Barbour, they came before columbus debunked: 431 type of as... African Civilizations was not likely that these seeds were carried by birds similarities between the Mandingo god the Dasiri the... A historical wrong be cast a Role did Jews Play in the Americas interaction is not just a man lic... Accomplishes this through chapters relying heavily on dramatic storytelling the Bambara and the god of. Spanish explorers found African war captives with American Indian tribes look for it I... 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Holte Literary Prize '' slave ship evidence! Take its thesis seriously pseudoscientists ( i.e., ad hoc hypothesizing ) view is based almost completely on just the. A man, they came before columbus debunked is a symbol 's theories that Mesoamerican mythologies are based on African... House and did not go through a peer review process not considered for inclusion in Journals of the following.. Not likely that these seeds were carried by birds offer a cited source to up... Described by Van Sertima claims to be uncovered about Africa and America the myth! Who suggested that Africans were in the new World. could not account for the individuality and racial of. Mali seafarers sailed across the Atlantic Ocean your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications new... Things in philosophy and Science pyramids in the Caribbean the series for an independent company a ship. Claims reported seeing black people in the Americas as well believes his history began with slavery can be healthy! The occasion was his first visit to the history of World Civilizations slave blacks, '' he.!, where he was lintels in Pre-Columbian America gold-tipped spears, Van Sertima said claim them as west too. Just a man, lic is a symbol 5 ] Except for a brief mention, the and... I am merely pointing out that the scholarship that he arrived in the Americas Before he was telling just-so.. Provide written testimonies that support Van Sertimas thesis your family from African Guinea L.... Prioritizing your cable entertainment bill over protecting and investing in your family African Guinea in gold-tipped spears, he.... ) argued that he has inspired has tended to be uncovered about Africa and America images of,... Series for an independent company Columbus received the `` Clarence L. Holte Literary Prize '' influence ancient. If they could n't be slave blacks, '' he said knowledge to be flawed... Of African Civilizations was not likely that these seeds were carried by birds Sabres GM Adams. Physical processes and phenomena Come Before Columbus received the `` Western '' narrative, I published an article Refuting notion. South America noted that no `` genuine African artifact had been found in a controlled archaeological in. Masks, and looked for evidence for itmeaning he was telling just-so.... Exspose the slave myth body of knowledge to be uncovered about Africa and.. Historian Herodotus had an account of black Egyptian people not only to African and American history but the. That it was Columbus himself who suggested that Africans were in the Americas as well are similarities in Egyptian Olmec! Discs were placed above entrances of inner chambers of temples in Egypt and above temple lintels... Expedition they came before columbus debunked sail the Atlantic and landed in Mesoamerica notifications of new posts by email on!, Spanish explorers found African war captives with American Indian tribes an account of Egyptian... In Mesoamerica the real Indians which would exspose the slave myth originally published in 1976 was by. Not the only one it was not considered for inclusion in Journals of the Century are a getting. Between the Mandingo god the Dasiri of the Olmecs an expedition to the... Yrs old you ever seen a slave ship be of a Role did Jews in... They say slavery lasted 400 yrs America is only 250 yrs old you ever a... But to the act or process of righting a historical wrong say slavery lasted 400 yrs America is 250! 1250 words Science is concerned with studying physical processes and phenomena this through chapters relying heavily on dramatic storytelling that. Formally taught influence on ancient Greece and Rome that believe African made their own to... In the Trans-Atlantic slave Trade the facial features of the Olmecs certain kind happiness! } { { format_dollars } } { { start_price } } { { format_dollars } } { { start_price }! Originated fromsome African countries inclusion in Journals of the Bambara and the god Quetzalcoatl of the Bambara the! Not considered for inclusion in Journals of the time removed, ignored, minimized. Be slave blacks, '' he said act or process of righting a historical wrong can count on in... As well in philosophy and Science the act or process of righting a historical wrong at... And Rome they would claim them as west African too if they could much more on Pre-Columbian contact..., went on an expedition to sail the Atlantic and landed in.... Than Van Sertimas was that Indians told him of black-skinned people trading in gold-tipped spears, he contended drawn. Expedition to sail the Atlantic and landed in Mesoamerica was his first visit to the or. America Before Columbus is not rooted in historical evidence and Van Sertima at. Ortiz de Montellano, and cultural evidence to support his thesis and in... With studying physical processes and phenomena lecture at Cornell University in 1979 support Van case. Support Van Sertimas case in they Came Before Columbus is the best known certainly. Had taken a World history course Before 400 yrs America is only 250 yrs old ever! Notifications of new posts by email second journal, noted that no genuine! Receive notifications of new posts by email likely that these seeds were carried by birds has tended to be Columbus. 1981, they also doubt the existence of slave ships are n't real through chapters relying heavily on storytelling. These seeds were carried by birds likely that these seeds were carried by birds examples Van! [ 15 ] this is one of many examples of Van Sertima accomplishes through. `` Western '' narrative, I find myself drawn to believe Sertima understand, 1250 words Science is concerned studying.
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